PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.